APPLIED GEOPHYSICS FOR ARCHAEOLOGY
Academic Year 2022/2023 - Teacher: Sebastiano IMPOSAExpected Learning Outcomes
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Course Structure
Required Prerequisites
Attendance of Lessons
Detailed Course Content
Geolectric Methods: The electrical resistivity of rocks. Archie's formula. Instrumentation for geoelectric surveys. Energizing section. Receiving section. Signal acquisition in cases of low signal/noise ratio. Resistivity method. Electrode devices. Resistivity profiles and surveys. The acquisition of data in the countryside. Data analysis and interpretation. The use of software for inversion and interpretation. Maps of apparent resistivity, pseudosections. Reconstruction of the substrate and choice of the most appropriate geoelectric quadripole for archaeological surveys. Choice of methodologies to be used in the countryside for the optimization of surveys. 2D and 3D electrical tomography. Case study. Active and passive seismic methods: Principles of elasticity theory. Elastic constants. Wave equation. Volume waves and surface waves. Wave propagation. Snell's law. Fermat's principle. Seismic instrumentation. Seismic sources. Campaign methods in refractive seismics. Choice of methodologies to be used in the countryside for the optimization of investigations for the identification and delimitation of crypts and / or buried cavities. Seismic tomography. Effects due to heterogeneity, geometric and topographic irregularities caused by the presence of cavities through the application of Nakamura's technique or spectral ratios (HVSR). Electromagnetic Methods: The Ground Penetrating Radar (georadar). Features of the tool and principles. Configuration of transmitting and receiving antennas. Choice of antenna frequency. Acquisition of radar profiles, processing and interpretation of data. Considerations and limits on prospecting G.P.R. Case study. Notes on other geophysical methodologies such as magnetometry to define magnetic and gradient maps in order to outline the presence of archaeological remains; ultrasound to characterize and define the thicknesses and characteristics of structural elements. |
Textbook Information
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Author | Title | Publisher | Year | ISBN |
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Coco G., Corrao M. | Geofisica applicata con particolare riferimento alle prospezioni sismiche, elettriche, elettromagnetiche e geotermiche. | Flaccovio Dario | 2009 | |
Corrao M., Coco G. | Geofisica Applicata - III edizione | Flaccovio Dario editore | 2021 | |
Federica Boschi | Archeologia senza scavo. Geofisica e indagini non invasive | Bononia University Press | 2020 |
Course Planning
Subjects | Text References | |
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1 | Introduction to the course and importance of Geophysics applied to Archaeology | Slide |
2 | Mod. A (2 CFU) | - Coco G., Corrao M. “Applied geophysics with particular reference to seismic, electrical, electromagnetic and geothermal prospecting. Flaccovio Dario editore, pp. 240, 2009. |
3 | Mod. B (2 CFU) | Corrao M., Coco G. (2021): Applied Geophysics - III edizione. Flaccovio Dario editore, pp. 272. |
4 | Mod. C (2 CFU) | Mod. C (2 CFU) - Federica Boschi 2020: “Archaeology without excavation. Geophysics and non-invasive investigations”, Bononia University Press, pp. 292. |
Learning Assessment
Learning Assessment Procedures
Examples of frequently asked questions and / or exercises
- resistivity notes
- electric tomographyes 2D and 3D
- Seismic tomography
- Georadar prospections