History of Islamic Countries

Academic Year 2022/2023 - Teacher: LAURA BOTTINI

Expected Learning Outcomes

The aim of the course is to provide students with tools for acquiring knowledge and understanding of Shiʿism, a religious and political minority of Islam which, today, in its variant Twelver Shiʽism, is prevalent in Iran, but which is also followed, with different percentages, in the Arab Muslim world (e.g. Iraq, Bahrain, Lebanon, Kuwait, UAE).

According to the Dublin descriptors, students, at the end of the course, will demonstrate:

1) knowledge and understanding skills about Shiʿism, a religious and political minority of Islam;

2) ability to apply knowledge and understanding of the historical context to place properly the Shiʿite phenomenon in the complex picture of contemporary Islamic world and in the international arena;

3) ability to integrate knowledge and to formulate judgments on the basis of information that is not necessarily complete;

4) ability to communicate one's knowledge about Shiʿite phenomenon clearly and unambiguously to specialist and non-specialist interlocutors.

5) ability to carry out research autonomously.

Course Structure

The main method of teaching is “lecture-based” learning. During the course, primary sources, related to the topics, will also be read and discussed.

Detailed Course Content

The course aims to define the Shiʿite phenomenon as a religious tendency, a heretical minority, an opposition party and a political-philosophical ideology taking into consideration the most important historical crossroads up to our contemporary times. The concept of authority and the sources of authority as well as the major figures and the schools of thought up to the current doctrines and political groups will receive our attention.

Textbook Information

  1. L. Capezzone, M. Salati, L’islam sciita. Storia di una minoranza, Roma, Edizioni Lavoro, 2006, 435 p. (include bibliografia e indici), 20 cm.
  2. F. Sabahi, Storia dell’Iran, Milano, Bruno Mondatori, 2006, XX, 298 p. (include cronologia, glossario, nota bibliografica, indice), 17 cm.
  3. B. Scarcia Amoretti, Sciiti nel mondo, Roma, Jouvence, 2015, pp. 7-14, 73-265 pp., 21 cm.

Please remember that in compliance with art 171 L22.04.1941, n. 633 and its amendments, it is illegal to copy entire books or journals, only 15% of their content can be copied.

For further information on sanctions and regulations concerning photocopying please refer to the regulations on copyright (Linee Guida sulla Gestione dei Diritti d’Autore) provided by AIDRO - Associazione Italiana per i Diritti di Riproduzione delle opere dell’ingegno (the Italian Association on Copyright).

All the books listed in the programs can be consulted in the Library.

Course Planning

 SubjectsText References
1La morte del profeta Muhammad e il problema della successione. I primi tre califfi ben guidati.1, 3.
2Il califfato di ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib: Siffīn e la nascita del kharigismo.1, 3.
3I figli di ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib. Sciismo politico e sciismo religioso.1, 3.
4Lo sciismo in epoca omayyade. al-Husayn e la tragedia di Kerbelā’. La nascita dello zaydismo.1, 3.
5La rivoluzione abbaside. al-Mansūr e Nafs al-Zakiyya..1, 3.
6Il quinto e sesto imam; la teoria della designazione dell’imam in ambito duodecimano e in ambito sunnita.1, 3.
7L’imamato di Mūsā al-Kāzim e la nascita della waqifiyya.1.
8I discepoli degli imam. al-Ma’mūn e ‘Alī al-Ridā.1, 3.
9L'ismailismo.1.
10L’imamato del nono, decimo e undicesimo imam. La piccola ghayba.1, 3.
11La grande ghayba. La nascita dell’imamismo.1, 3.
12L’imamismo all’epoca dei Buwaydi e dei Selgiuchidi.1, 3.
13I Mongoli e Timuridi.1, 3.
14La scuola di Hilla. Il dibattito usūlī-akhbārī.1, 3.
15La militarizzazione delle confraternite sufi in Iran e l’avvento dei Safavidi.1, 3.
16I Safavidi al potere: rapporto con i dotti imamiti.1, 3.
17Evoluzione del concetto di “rappresentanza dell’imam scomparso” e ruolo dei giuristi.1, 3.
18I Qajar.1, 3.
19Reza Shah Pahlavi e Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.1, 2, 3.
20La rivoluzione islamica in Iran; al-Khumaynī e la teoria della wilāyat al-faqīh al-mutlaqa.1, 2, 3.
21Gli sciiti in Libano e il Partito di Dio.1, 3.
22Gli sciiti nell'Iraq contemporaneo.1, 3.
VERSIONE IN ITALIANO